Internationa human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internationa human rights - Essay Example dom for one to manifest his or her beliefs or religion is subjected to various limitations clearly defined by the law and is significant in a society that is democratic in the safety of the interests of the public. This paper hence seeks to critically assess the interests that are at stake and how the court has balanced this interest in dealing with the cases concerning the freedom to manifest one’s religion or belief (Berns, 1976). The article 9 of the Europe Council of Human Rights has been evaluated and applied in several of court cases within Europe. The law of Europe has hence moved to recognize categories of belief or religion and handled or treated them as almost one category with religion or belief having not merely a vacuous but a wide interpretation. This has seen the court balancing the interests of both the public and the state. In Kokkinaski vs Greece (1994) 17 EHRR 397, paragraph 31, the freedom of conscience, thought and religion makes one of the things considered the foundation of the society that is democratic in the meaning of convention. In balancing such interest of the community, the court stated that it is the dimension of the religion, one of the most significant elements that make up the conception of life and the believers’ identity; nevertheless, it matters to atheists and the skeptics (Morgan, 1972). In another court effort to balance the interest of the freedom to manifest one’s religion or belief, the court passed judgment in the case of Manoussakis vs Greece (1996), EHRR 387, paragraph 47 that the freedom of religion that is guaranteed in the Convention does not include any discretion on the side of the state to decide on whether the religion or the manner of expressing such religious belief is legitimate or not. Belief in the light of the court is more than just feelings that are deeply held or opinions. But there must be firmly held philosophical or spiritual convictions with identifiable content that is practically formal.

American Court System U3IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Court System U3IP - Research Paper Example Certain provisions included in the Bill Of Rights also provide protection to criminal offenders in the United States in terms of providing them with certain lawful rights (National Archives, n.d.). However, there are certain protections that are available to criminal offenders through the Bill of Rights that do not currently apply to the states. In this regard, these protections include protection from excessive bail or fines, protection from unusual or cruel punishment and protection from indictment by grand jury among others. Amongst these protections mentioned, the excerpt from the law or the 5th Amendment guarantees that criminal trial will only be conducted on a grand jury indictment. However, this protection of criminal offenders will not be incorporated in the states as per the ‘Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment’. Furthermore, 8th Amendment of the Bill Of Rights depicts that criminals will be protected from unkind or unusual punishments that are provided to them in accordance with the law. The amendment also deals with safeguarding the criminal offenders from extreme fines and bail imposed over them. ... It further determines about how a particular proceeding will be enforced towards a substantive law. Procedural based protections for criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights are also depicted as the principles considered by the Constitution, while conducting trial for criminal offenders in the court of law ([2] UMKC, 2013). On the other hand, substantive law deals with safeguarding the fundamental rights and liberties of any citizen. This provision of the law depicts that any citizen in the United States will be equally protected relating to their fundamental rights and will be liable to obtain fair and reasonable treatments from the law in accordance with the fundamental rights possess by the citizens. In precise, it can be stated that substantive law are those general rights of any citizen that reserves the power of an individual to conduct certain specific activities (Stanford University, n.d.). Q. 3. Which of the protections available to criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights a re procedural, and which are substantive? The ‘Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment’ of the U.S. Supreme Court has divided the Bill of Rights into two parts, which comprised procedural and substantive. In this regard, the protections that are available to criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights can be viewed to be procedural along with substantive. Gaining a comprehensive understanding with regard to the division of criminal protections amid the two parts will be a vital concern. In this regard, according the due process of the 14th amendment, a few of the criminal protections depicted in the Bill Of Rights that are included in the procedural section, will comprise the following. An unbiased tribunal The

Network design paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network design paper - Coursework Example RIP is nominated by IETF as one of various other Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs). RIP works on distance learning vector algorithms while most of other protocols use sophisticated algorithms demanding time as well. (Dean, 2010, p. 274-275) RIP’s routing procedure is that its gateway router transmits complete information of routing table (that includes all the connected hops that are known to the gateway) to its nearest host after every 30 seconds. The neighboring router than pass the same information to its nearest neighbor other than from which it had received this information and process continues until every routers in the network has similar information of the routing paths. This condition is what we called network convergence. For determining distance of the network RIP uses process called hop count. Every hop in the network determines its neighboring hop(s) from routing table information for sending a packet to for a particular destination. Advantages of using RIP in th e network are: For small homogeneous networks RIP is considered as an effective solution. RIP is very easy to understand and configuring. It can be configured on all the routers present. Generally RIP is a loop free routing protocol but has limited scalability of around 15 hop maximum. Introduction to OSPF: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol implemented within large autonomous networks. OSPF is nominated by IETF as one of various other Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs). In a network where OSPF is used, if a router that receives a change in the routing table or identifies a modification in the network without delay multicasts this change information to every other host connected in the network with the intention that every host may have the similar information in the routing table. It only transmits the change that has occurred, not the entire routing table like RIP. It is a robust link-state routing protocol and is the most widely used Interior Gateway Protocol (I GP). It bases information on link-states that take additional network description into consideration. OSPF have functionality of prioritizing the path by assigning metric value to that path. For further dividing the subnets OSPF supports a variable network subnet mask. Advantages of using OSPF in the network are: Quickly responds to the network changes. Sends trigger updates when change occurs in the network. Use cost as metric for giving preference to the paths. It has protocol identifier of 89 in the IP address for OSPF packet identification. Summarizing the solution: As being the administrator of the company and as per the details given to me I know that my network running is RIP on it and has three networks while the merging company has one OSPF running network that means RIP networks outnumber the OSPF network so I do not prefer to change anything on my own network. For example if someone is the administrator of Windows server based sites and a new company is merging having Lin ux operating system. Although everyone knows that Linux has more advantages than windows but still would not feel easy to change my operating system. If to choose change than should also keep in mind that new Service-Level-Agreements, new suppliers, new business processes, new interfaces, etc and staff training as well. Why to this everything is running smoothly already. Our solution could have been a different if and

Chemiluminescence of Luminol Essay Example for Free

Chemiluminescence of Luminol Essay Introduction In this experiment, luminol was mixed with hydrogen peroxide (an oxidising agent) resulting in chemiluminescence. The experimentis designed to see how the duration of luminescence is affected by varying temperatures. It has been made to be deliberately inaccurate, so another objective would be to see whether subjective observations can be improved by repetition and averaging. Chemiluminescence is the production of light from a release of energy in a chemical reaction without the aid of heat. The light produced is due to electrons being given an excess of energy and this energy being released as the electrons revert to their ground state, a luminescent light being given off as a result. An important use of this reaction is in forensic science where luminol and hydrogen peroxide are used to highlight samples of blood at a crime scene. The two chemicals react readily due to the iron present in haemoglobin, giving off a luminescent glow as a result. Chemiluminescence occurs even in living organisms where it is termed bioluminescence. Using fireflies as an example, a reaction where luciferin combines with adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) and reacts with the enzyme luciferase. The action of the enzyme acting on luciferase simulates something similar to luminol and a peroxide being catalysed by a transition metal catalyst, providing electrons with enough energy to reach a higher energy level which then gives off light as they relax back to their ground state. Reaction pathway of luminol 2H2O22H2O + O2(g) Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide In this experiment we used luminol and hydrogen peroxide solution. When the two react, a dianion is from the peroxide reacting with the luminol. As hydrogen peroxide reacts, oxygen is evolved which then reacts with the dianion to produce an unstable peroxide; the instability of the peroxide causes it to break down immediately and lose nitrogen, producing 3-aminopthalate. (above) Experimental A set of five test tubes were prepared and labelled with a letter(A-E) and their temperatures; 220C (room temperature which varied between groups), 250C, 350C, 60C and 400C. 250C, 350C and 400C were conducted in water baths whereas 60C used an ice bath.

Impact of Health Inequality in the UK

Impact of Health Inequality in the UK According to the NHS (2013) the UK is perceived as healthier that it has ever been in its history. This is mainly due to the enhancement of life expectancy, the eradication of diseases, and the advantages brought by public health reforms and technology. However, the problem of health inequalities remains omnipresent. Even if the health of the population is improving, the health of the poor or those less well-off is either improving really slow or it gets worse. This is a main challenge for the policy makers, who see that even though their interventions work, they fail in some sections of the population. Health inequalities in the UK To understand the impact of health inequalities, we need to start from the beginning. Economic and social changes, the downfall of manual work, the development in women’s employment, as well as migration patterns and the change of the family structure have modified the population’s nature. Additionally, the NHS (2013) believes that these changes also affect the data about health. They also add that occupation-based classification attracts social inequality in Britain. Moreover, living standards improve the higher one moves on the social ladder, but so do a range of people’s wellbeing factors, such as education, employment opportunities and, last but not least, health. Researchers believe that in an intricate society as Britain, there are â€Å"a number of axes of social differentiation† (Anthias (1990) as cited by the NHS (2013)). These refer to ethnicity, gender, sexuality, age, area, community and religion. Furthermore, it is believed that these classifications are linked but represent separate dimensions of inequality. Exposure to racism is a major factor why the wider population is disadvantaged, and this can take and additional effect on the health of black and Asian communities (Karlsen, 2002). (NHS, 2013) The table provided illustrates a pathway, in the same time giving examples of determinants or factors that operate at different stages along the way. It runs from social structure to health and wellbeing. As it can be seen, education impacts on a person’s health and wellbeing through social position and intermediary factors that are associated with it. Besides the environmental and behavioural factors (housing quality, exposure to smoking) the table also presents health and social services among the intermediary factors. These not only have a strong role in preventive care, but they also contribute so reducing the effects of illness and injury on health. We need to keep in mind that the figure does not provide a complete picture. It shows examples from a key set of pathways. This can refer to poor health and disability which can affect an individual’s socioeconomic circumstances, which influences health and all the way to social position. In addition, due to a person’s social standing, which can alter access to societal resources (education and job opportunities) and exposure to risks, this has a strong relation with health over time and across different diseases. In order to make sure that health inequalities are eradicated, the NHS (2004) comes up with a series of changes that can be applied. Attention needs to be given to the baseline data collected and compare it within and across the New Deal for Communities. Moreover, the planning agenda needs to be more focused towards local health and make sure that goals are realistic and measurable. Last but not least, planned activities need to be specified, resourced and targeted towards change. However, David Buck (2014) states that reducing health inequalities should not be left only to local authorities. Although they have an essential role to play when dealing with these issues, Buck proposes a joint commitment by the leaders of communities on how they approach and deal with this situation by using the â€Å"big levers: commissioning, incentives and accountability†. Further, if health inequalities are not solved, it can have disadvantages not only on the population, but also on the economy. The Marmont Review (201) as cited by Jane Dreaper (2010) states that inequality in health accounts for  £33bn of lost productivity every year. She also advises the NHS to start spending more on prevention than the 4% it currently does, so as to provide more help to those who need it. Challenges When identifying and analysing challenges I have decided to focus on diet and lifestyle factors. Diet and nutrition The Department of Health (England) states that food poverty is â€Å"the inability to afford, or to have access to, food and to make up a healthy diet†. The Faculty of Public Health (2009) also adds that the poorer an individual is, the worse their diet and the more diet-related diseases they suffer from. This represents a risk which can backfire to diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and diabetes. It has been found that poor diet accounts for 30% of life years lost to early death and disability (National Heart Forum, 2004). Inequality in health has a strong correlation to food poverty. People with low incomes suffer from poor diets, due to low intakes of fruit and vegetables, and also dental caries among children, to name a few. Already the government is trying to solve the issue, but the actions needs to be more than health professionals giving advice to individuals. The â€Å"food environment† needs to change, referring to accessibility, affordability and culture. By strategically including public health professionals in key areas and developing programmes, the barriers to healthy eating can be broken down and nutrition improvement can be achieved (Faculty of Public Health, 2009). Some barriers to healthy eating have been tackled and presented. One of the main factors is the low income and debt. This can restrict an individual’s access to fresh fruit and vegetables, which are normally more expensive. Additionally, this is influenced by the poor accessibility to affordable healthy foods. In disadvantages neighbourhoods, shops are starting to close down, and the construction of supermarkets out of town proves to be difficult due to transport links and impossibility to pay for the fair. Furthermore, foods which are high in fat, sugar and salts are cheaper and more available, making it one of the biggest factors of poor nutrition. The same findings have been stated by Hillary Shaw in her study conducted in Birmingham (Hillary Shaw 2012). Exercise The Health Survey of England conducted a survey in 2008 regarding participation in all types of physical activity at work, and during leisure time. The results showed that social class is a great factor in participation, but it differs regarding gender. (Health Survey for England 2008) This measurement includes physical activities carried out during work. However, when this is excluded, a connection between physical activity and income is observed among men, but not women. This can also be explained by active transport, such as walking or cycling, since people on lower income may walk or cycle more due to not owning a car or affording public transportation. Furthermore, The Active People Survey conducted in 2011/12, with 500 participants, found a relation between socioeconomic factors and participation in sport. The figures in the table below use the notations of the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classifications (NS-SEC). From the findings, we can observe that 43% of the adults in groups 1 and 2 take part in sport for at least 30 minutes once a week or more, compared to 27% of adults in groups 5-8. (Active People Survey 2011/12) The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) affirmed that the figures reported from the above surveys are influenced by the built and natural environments people live in. People from lower social standings tend to live in areas or neighbourhoods which have poor access to environments that support physical activities (parks, gardens or safe areas), and tend to live near busy roads. To add, people from lower socioeconomic groups tend to live in areas that do not present a framework for public transportation, therefore they rely on walking or cycling for transport and to access employment (The Marmont Review 2010). More, fear of traffic can be another factor in allowing children to play outside, walking or cycling. The Institute of Public Policy Research (2002) revealed that children in the 10% most deprived wards in the UK are more than three times as likely to be pedestrian casualties as children in the 10% least deprived wards. Affordability may also be a barrier to taking part in sports and activities. This is due to gym membership costs that are out of the range for many people with low incomes. The Health Survey for England (2007) showed that 13% of men and 16% of women cite lack of money as a barrier to exercise. Even though, taking part in activities such as walking or hiking are less costly, 45% of men and 34% of women stated that work commitments represent another obstacle to being active. Therefore, people from a lower social standing may not have the money and the time to take part in physical activities. One example for these findings is provided by Rowenna Davis (2011). She compared two neighbourhoods in Glasgow which are close to one another, but differ in every way: Jordanhill, a posh area, and Parkhead, a poor neighbourhood. The ladder area is known for having worse housing, not enough parks and poor transportation links. Moreover, researchers believe that children living in this area are more likely to start smoking, drinking and having a poor diet. Smoking People in poorer social classes are believed to die sooner due to a series of factors. The dominant factor among men is smoking, accounting for nearly half of the difference in risk of premature death between the social classes. Additionally, smoking is more concentrated in Britain’s poorest families, with low income lone parents having the highest rates of smoking. This is also influences the high rate in illnesses in this category, such as cancer and heart disease (NHS 1999) Smoking during pregnancy also has its say in this issue. It not only hurts the mother, but also the unborn child. The highest rates have been recorded among expectant mothers under the age of 0 and women who have left school at the minimum leaving age and with no educational qualifications. These results show to be three times higher among women from a bad social standing than women in the rest of the categories (NHS 1999). Leaders There are many charities nowadays that are trying to solve the health inequality prove by helping those who need aid. One of the charities I have identified is the Gleaning Network UK. This initiative’s goal is to save thousands of tonnes of fresh fruit and vegetable which are wasted on UK farms. These crops cannot reach the market because they fail the cosmetic standards of due to overproduction. The Gleaning Network UK uses teams of volunteers, local farmers and redistribution charities in order to salvage this food and give it to those that need it. In 2013, they have saved 48 tonnes of produce which were made into 200,000 meals that helped communities around 6 major cities (Gleaning Network UK, 2014). The British Heart Foundation is also fighting to stop health inequalities, by providing support to those who smoke and want to quit, with the help of â€Å"No Smoking Day†. This is one of the UK’s biggest annual health awareness campaigns which creates supportive environments for everyone and provides sources of help and advice. Already in 2013, 20% of the smokers aware of this campaign made an attempt to stop smoking, reaching an estimate of 1 million quitters (No Smoking Day website 2014). Regarding exercise and physical activity, one of the most prolific charities I have found is the Right To Play. They believe that play and exercise if a tool for education and health, so volunteers teach children and youth that through sport one can be taught about values and goals. Their vision is â€Å"to create a healthy and safe world through the power of sport and play†. Even though the organisation works at a global level, it helped many communities in the UK to start taking up sports and leading a healthier life (Right to Play website 2014). Recommendations Improving people’s lifestyles and eradicating food poverty need to be top priorities for primary care organisations and local authorities. Moreover, collaboration of organisations, charities and councils need to focus on developing strategies which will reduce barriers to a healthy life. One of the first recommendations drawn from the charity examples from before is to establish a local â€Å"food poverty partnership† with organisations including health services, local authorities and voluntary organisations to develop a local food poverty strategies. One successful example is the Cyrenians in Edinburgh, Scotland, a charity which started an initiative of â€Å"turning waste into opportunities†. Their aim is to get food waste down to zero, by working with local restaurants and shops and socially disadvantaged people from different communities. The food that the eateries and shops do not use anymore is donated to charities which will prepare meals for those who need it. Moreover, they provide jobs for those who also wish to work in the fields of collection and cooking (Cyrenians 2014). The next recommendation focuses on working with local communities and understanding their priorities, barriers and opportunities. With the help of community meetings and surveys, healthy living can be promoted. One of the best examples in this case is the Good Gym organisation. This charity encourages people to combine their exercise routine with volunteering, matching busy workers with elderly â€Å"coaches† who receive their paper or deliveries in exchange of an incentive for their weekly visitors to keep on running. The Good Gym works with the NHS, charities and local community centres, and talks to people from poor neighbourhoods trying to understand their situation and what can be done. As a result, the foundation organises monthly group runs in east London, performing useful activities along the way. Up till now, the members have distributed flyers for a local hospice, tidied up community gardens and hauled compost on to a school roof (Barkham 2012). When tackling smoking, care providers, local councils and the organisations involved need to put together treatments that will prove to be effective. The GP should consider holding brief interventions to those trying to give up smoking, also providing advice, self-help materials and suggestions for more intensive support. Individual behavioural counselling will be essential when lending a help for those seeking motivation to quit. Additionally, mass-media campaigns need to become the main means of sending the message of â€Å"stop-smoking† across, by using radio commercials, internet and TV ads. The same strategies have been used by the NHS with their â€Å"No Smoking Day† campaign. This movement has recorded an increase of 10% over the last 4 years of those who want to smoke.

The causes of global warming

The causes of global warming Introduction: With the rapid development of economy, the issue of the causes of global warming has been brought into public focus. The reason is that global warming results an increase in the average temperature of the earths atmosphere, which effects humans living, animals living, and plants growth. However, most of people state that the most significant reason of the cause of global warming is a natural phenomenon. As a matter of fact, it is modern anthropogenic global warming. In this research paper, I intend to research this thorny topic from five aspects. There are population, eating meat, pets, forest destruction, and air pollution. In addition to examining causes, I will also consider some briefness of the effects of the global warming. First of all, I want to begin my research paper with three definitions of the key ward â€Å"global warming†. I will provide a brief description of the causes of global warming. Definition: First of all, according to my research paper topic â€Å"the causes of global warming†. I want to begin with the keyword â€Å"global warming†. It means â€Å"an increase in the earths atmospheric and oceanic temperatures† (Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary). Therefore, when people talk â€Å"global warming,† it is a fact that people are living in a earth where the temperature is becoming higher and higher. The cause of global warming refers to the global temperature increasing. The cause global warming is mainly due to human beings in nearly a century, using a lot of fossil fuels (such as coal and oil), discharging large amounts of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, leading global warming. The consequences of global warming will lead to a global redistribution of precipitation, melting glaciers and permafrost, and rising sea levels. Not only global warming endangers the balance of natural ecosystems, but also it threatens human food supply and living envir onment (Rationalwiki). From internet, I also get some specific definitions. The online dictionary says that global warming is â€Å"an increase in the earths average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect† (dictionary.com). In other sources, Wikipedia claims that global warming is â€Å"the increase in the average temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation† (Wikipedia). In other words, the situation means that people are living in a place where the temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans is raising constantly and the different species are continually decreasing. That is a very critical condition that people in face ,because human can not live in that high temperature and the resources of humans living are reducing in that situation. Description of the causes of global warming People have paid most attention on the different explanation of the causes of global warming, at the same time it raises the debate on the political and economic. Global warming is caused by many things. The causes are split up into two groups, man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes. â€Å"The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the 20th century was caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases resulting from human activity such as fossil fuel burning deforestation† (Wikipedia). From this section, it is no exaggeration to say that the most important reasons for this situation people who be confronted with global warming is resulted from human themselves. â€Å"Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the smount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs and nitrous oxide. The concentrations of CO2 and methane have increased by 36% and 148% respectively since the mid-1700s† (Wikipedia). From this definition, we can simply understand the causes of global warming. The source of global warming is from the CO2 of the air and fossil fuel burning has produced about three-quarters of the increase in CO2 from human activity over the past 20 years, however most of the rest is due to deforestation. Most of scientists believe that a large number of emissions of greenhouse gases caused by increased greenhouse effect may be the basic causes of global warming. The Causes of Global Warming Now I will discuss the causes of global warming, there are five causes of global warming: 1) population (The Canadian Press,2009 and CBC News); 2) eating meat (Juliette Jowit, environment editor The Observer, Sunday 7 September 2008); 3) pets (Cathal Kelly Feature writer); 4) forest destruction; and 5) burning. I intend to provide a brief description for each cause. Population As we know from the Canadian press, some experts said that in developing countries offering contraceptives to women could slow down climate change through presenting population growth. In this report, it said that as a matter of fact over 200 million women want contraceptives but they do not keep them. However, it results in 76 million women conceive without consciousness every year (The Canadian Press, 2009). In other ways, the editors say that if those women had some ways to keep the free condoms or other birth-control ways, the rates of population growth would increase slowly. Then it is possible that the pressure on the environment would reduce. It is because we breathe out CO2 into air that the CO2 contributes to global warming. It is said that the population around the world will rise to 9 billion by 2050, in which over 90 per cent of that growth is from developing countries (The Canadian Press, 2009). The most important is that experts state that although the normal population growth is not a substantial increase in global warming, but overpopulation also could result increased demand for food and shelter, which could threaten the environment because it brings global warming with much CO2 (The Canadian Press, 2009). In recent years, one of the main factors that the rapid increase in population is leading to global warming. Meanwhile, this is a serious dangerous situation affecting a balance between the natural ecological environment. So many people, only its own emissions of carbon dioxide per year would be an amazing figures, the result will directly lead to the content system of atmospheric carbon increasing (CBC News, 2008). Eating meat The second cause I want to discuss is that â€Å"UN says eat less meat to curb global warming† (guardian.co.uk THE OBSERVER). The editor said that people should give up eating meat on one day per week if they want to help solving climate change. Dr Rajendra Pachauri (chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change) also said that â€Å"people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further†. However, his comments are very controversial ideas and added on how personals can help solve global warming. On the other hand, Dr Pachauri also stressed other ways in lifestyle would help to curb global warming. He provides his advice to the food industry, and hoping food industries reduce meat consumption. Because if people stopped buying imported food, people would save a lot of carbon emissions. He said that â€Å"if the average UK household halved meat consumption that would cut emissions more that if car use was cut in half† (Dr Rajendra Pachauri from guardian.co.uk). Pet A third cause of global warming is about pet. According to New Zealand-based researchers Robert and Brenda Vale (CATHAL KELLY, feature writer The Toronto Stan) said that a great many household pets chew up more resources than a lot of cars. According to their figures, â€Å"feeding a medium-sized dog for a year has twice the environmental impact of driving a luxury SUV for 10,000 killometres†. It means that a dogs food in a year is equal to a persons food consumption. Vale said that â€Å"if a person want a big dog, maybe he or she should be a vegetarian and take the bus† (Brenda Vale from The Toronto Stan). This cause is related to the second cause eating meat. Some pets only eat meat, so it is impossible that let those pets be vegetarians. Therefore, Vale advices that people should limit themselves to eco-friendly, vegetarian pets, like hamsters or rabbits (Brenda Vale). So people can image that pets food consumption is an amazing. Forest Destruction Around the world, due to natural or man-made factors are causing forest area dropped significantly, which has also been a controversial topic. Because atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide is increasing and that it showed the trend of faster and faster. One of major cause is forest destruction. For fuel in living, using forests is one cause of deforestation. Because the use of forests for wood and charcoal, people have to use them from forests. However, deforestation let large amounts of carbon increasing, and then it will threaten global warming. The most important function of forests is there can absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. â€Å"Rainforests play the important role of locking of locking up atmospheric carbon in their vegetation via photosynthesis† (rainforests.mongabay.com) . It is reported that when forests are burned, degraded or cleared, will have the opposite effect: a lot of carbon in the atmosphere is being transformed into carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (Rainforests). Deforestation is one of the causes to global warming, and it also is the most important reason enhanced greenhouse effect. It is said that â€Å"tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions†. In many tropics, forests can save our air from pollution because trees can remove carbon from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis and release oxygen back into the air during normal respiration (Wikipedia.). Burning The final cause I want to provide is burning. A second major cause of global warming has been burning gasoline for transportation. Since the industrial era in 1750, human activities have increased the degree of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In living, burning is using in many aspects such as transportation and industries. In nowadays, there are many cars that burning gasoline in many developing countries. On the other hand, there are also many industries that burning coal and oil, again there are thermal power stations that burning coal and oil. At present, human activity of carbon dioxide is more than 20 times of natural sources of carbon dioxide (Wikipedia). Burning of fossil fuels results in higher carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations for two main reasons: first, the rapid increase in population, second, the rapid increase in consumption of fossil fuels in industrialization in the development of human society. All aspects of that burnings are making atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increased (Wikipedia). The effects of global warming The effects of global warming has been brought into human attention. Human health depends on good ecological environment. It is said that global warming will be the most factor that effecting human health. Extreme high temperature will be the next century plagued human health, which will also become more frequent, more widespread (Wikipedia). On the other hand, global warming effects water stressed. Global warming affects drinking water and agriculture in some coastal zones. Because global warming firstly effect climate change, then increased evaporation will decrease the effectiveness of reservoirs (Wikipedia). Conclusion As we can see from this paper, I discuss five causes that have severely affected the global warming. There are pollution, eating meat, pets, forest destruction, and burning. Every cause of global warming is connected with another one. From the industries starts to present, human activity continually create different effects to global warming. However, human beings are constantly research the causes of global warming, the researchers hope that in the near future they can find some way to slow down the speed of global warming. Because, after all, the reasons of global warming is result of human, so the solution also begins with human. From the impacts of global warming, the main factors are the emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Human not only increase the carbon dioxide emissions, but also increase deforestation reduction of carbon dioxide.

The Talent of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Shakespeare Othel

The Talent of Iago in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   William Shakespeare's Othello is a tragic drama that shows the overwhelming power of deception and the damage it can lead to.   Othello's right-hand man is Iago; on the surface a die-hard friend and confidant, in reality comparable to the devil himself.   Iago uses other characters as though they were his puppets, planting lies and watching the sorrowful fruit born.   Iago deceives virtuous, yet weaker men (such as Cassio and Roderigo) with ease, but feels greatly threatened by the most powerful, virtuous general in the land - Othello.   Othello's only flaw is jealousy, and Iago exploits this to no end, using him to get what he wants.   Iago's talent to manipulate the truth and control other people with his lies is what gives this play momentum.   More than any other characteristic, Iago preys on those who are emotionally unsure of their desires.   Iago manages to find ways of altering these characters' perceptions of reality, forcing them to believe in the dark world that Iago has created for them.   The main emotions that Iago bends and twists are those of love... ... Castlerock Entertainment, 1995.    Shakespeare, William. The Tradegy of Othello, The Moor of Venice. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, sixth edition. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. New York: Harper Collins, 1995.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. "The Engaging Qualities of Othello." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957